WHO ARE THEY AND WHY ARE THEY IMPORTANT ??
Dr. Rudolf Dreikurs (1897-1972)
Dr. Dreikurs – A social psychologist was born in Vienna, Austria on February 8, 1897. His contributions to society were plentiful up until his passing on May 25, 1972 in Chicago, Illinois.
Dreikurs was an “American psychiatrist and educator who developed the Austrian psychologist Alfred Adler’s system of individual psychology into a pragmatic method for understanding the purposes of reprehensible behavior in children and for stimulating cooperative behavior without punishment or reward.”
Dr. Dreikurs practiced pediatric medicine and found a greater need for behavioral intervention. His clinic was very successful and he wrote several books on “Natural and Logical Consequences.”
Dr. William Glasser was born in 1925 and raised in Cleveland Ohio. Dr. Glasser is an internationally recognized psychiatrist who is best known as the author of “Reality Therapy,” a method of Psychotherapy he created in 1965 and that is now taught all over the world.
“Reality Therapy” teaches that we NOT be victims of our past or our present unless we choose to be.” – Dr. William Glasser
“Schools Without Failure,” by Dr. Glasser, emphasizes counseling with decisions by the person to take a path for mental health or a path for destruction. Decision on the path entirely is up to the counselee.
WHY DREIKURS AND GLASSER?
Teachers and parents are limited in their time and possibly knowledge on how they discipline for positive behavior change and a strategy to process the procedures for both discipline and guidance. Getting involved in the theoretical implications of Dreikurs & Glasser may result in “No Change” in a teacher, administrator, or parent in how they deal with irresponsible and disruptive behavior. An adult may select punitive measures that only reinforce the behavior in the short and long term. What have they accomplished? To clarify, I am referring to the quick solutions of punishment. If punishment worked, why do so many convicts return to their illegal practices? Why do disruptive students continue their negative, disruptive behavior?
We identified, using the Structure of Intellect (SOI), by Dr. Mary Meeker (deceased), a consistent inability of students and prisoners to understand the consequences of their irresponsible behavior. This group of people, young and old, does not have the ability to understand and predict the consequences of their behavior, resulting in repeating the behavior and defying authorities attempting to help them.
When combining Dr. Dreikurs’ and Dr. Glasser’s methods in a simple and effective guidance process, writing and agreeing to a behavioral plan, adults are able to eliminate punishment that may be detrimental to the person while developing an understanding of consequences and providing a choice of paths for success.
I testified before a Senate committee on discipline and related the Dreikurs/Glasser methods I had combined and used as an administrator. The head of the Children’s Psychiatric Department at U.C.L.A. followed me in his testimony. He stated, “You really don’t need my testimony; just follow the program the person ahead of me outlined. If this method was practiced in schools and communities, there would be a significant drop in irresponsible behavior in schools, society, and illegal behavior, resulting in hospitalization and confinement.”
The method: Dreikurs practiced the therapy that everyone is motivated by behavior and their goals.
FOUR GOALS OF BEHAVIOR:
1. To gain undue attention
2. To seek power
3. To seek revenge or “get even”
4. To display inadequacy
GOAL #1 – ATTENTION
1. Active – Constructive
2. Active – Destructive
3. Passive – Constructive
4. Passive – Destructive
GOAL #2 – POWER SEEKING
A person seeks power when ‘attention getting’ mechanisms fail. In a power contest, adults seldom win. This leads to a struggle for power, which then leads to more problems, not less. In a classroom or home, the adult should say, “You are in a power struggle with me and I cannot win the struggle, but you are to do what I ask you.” (Adult creates a consequence that he/she can control.)
GOAL #3 – REVENGE SEEKING
When a person feels that circumstances are unfair and someone may hurt them; they become determined to ‘get even’. Their response is to take their revenge out on anyone, not just the person or group that ‘hurt’ them. When this is identified as a goal by the adult, it must be discussed openly and quickly with the person, stating that revenge is not acceptable in their environment and any acts of revenge will result in a written plan and specific consequence.
GOAL #4 – DISPLAY OF INADEQUACY
The fourth goal is reached when the person finds the other 3 goals have failed for them. This person needs a plan that will support their inadequate feeling and result in steps to improve their self-concept. This can be achieved with the plans described below. Observing the person will reveal, in most cases, their goal(s). Multiple goals are frequently used, depending on circumstances and the person may go back and forth into the different goals instantly.
Dr. Glasser identifies goals through discussion (therapy) with the person. The basic question he asked, “Do you want to follow the path of love, happiness and fulfillment, or the path of unhappiness and failure? Are you successful in your choice? Many people want to follow the first path but lack the skills and knowledge to succeed. Dr. Glasser suggests the person makes a plan to succeed.
PROBLEM – If the person fails, they only need to make another plan and continue with their behavior.
CONCLUSION – Make a plan with the irresponsible person. Plan may be short in hours or days with a simple reward for success. If plan is broken, the next plan is in writing with a consequence for breaking the plan and time will be extended. Base the time of plan carefully. Can the person reasonably complete it? The second plan, and subsequent plans, as needed, must have time – exact behavior expected – precise ways student may be helped for success to solve the problem and who will help – make plan visible to student daily but not openly – include what person wants as reward for completion – signed by adult, student and authority, parent or school. This complete process is quick. Instruct person to use a written format of the plan, then have conference about length of plan, consequence, reward, and how adults or others could help person be successful. This approach will help you as it has worked with individuals, classes, entire schools, and violent gangs.
CONSEQUENCE – A previously identified condition, that if observed, results in a previously agreed upon action. Responsible adult must immediately apply the consequence as made by student, student and adult or adult only, when a more severe consequence is needed.
PUNISHMENT – An adult response given to a person with irresponsible behavior. The response may be fair or unfair and only implemented by the adult when they have had enough of the behavior, usually after several episodes that failed to be corrected by the adult. Once the person finishes the punishment, they have a feeling that everything is okay and they continue with their behavior.
For more information on this subject, read Dreikurs, “Maintaining Sanity in the Classroom,” and Glasser’s therapy procedures in several new printed materials. Follow Glasser for discussion procedures and Dreikurs for goal direction behavior and consequences.
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